Preview

Informatics and education

Advanced search
No 6 (2021)
View or download the full issue PDF (Russian)

GENERAL ISSUES

4-10 772
Abstract

The article is devoted to current issues of lesson design based on student expected learning outcomes. One of the distinctive features of recently approved new Federal State Educational Standards for primary and basic general education is refined and detailed requirements for the expected educational outcomes. In this regard, tools for the teacher to develop those outcomes in order to plan a lesson or a study course in a logical way taking into account the educational interests of students are in dire need. The authors of the article consider the Understanding by Design model as such a tool, since this framework makes it possible to design learning outcomes (distinguishing between understanding, acquisition and transfer goals) and direct the learning process towards desired results. The article provides theoretical foundations for the development of an instructional design model, examines the stages of the design of learning outcomes, the selection of study activities and the identification of teaching strategies. A description of the first stage of design — the design of the expected learning outcomes according to different facets of understanding and of the acquisition and transfer goals — is given in detail.

INFORMATIZATION OF EDUCATION

11-17 567
Abstract

The development of e-learning, both in distance and mixed forms, becomes especially relevant in the modern educational process. A high-quality e-learning course is developed through the efforts of two parties: the teacher, who creates the methodological content, and the programmer, who creates the electronic shell of the course. The article substantiates the importance of quality issues in the development of a user interface for electronic educational resources, since the user of an electronic course deals with the direct implementation of educational material. The indicators for assessing the quality of software products in accordance with international and Russian standards and their applicability for assessing user interfaces of electronic educational resources are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the importance of the indicator “practicality” in relation to this type of software product as an indicator of an individual evaluation of the use of a product by a certain user or circle of users. The classical methods for assessing the quality of the human-machine interaction interface and the applicability of experimental and formal methods for assessing quality are considered. The analysis of modern approaches to the design of user interfaces based on UX/UI design is given. An assessment of the requirements and criteria for assessing the user interface from the standpoint of modern design is given. The tasks and features of the UX and UI components of the design process are analyzed. The essence of the modern term “usability” as an indicator of the interface evaluation is explained, and the qualitative evaluation criteria for this indicator are considered. The concept of UX testing is given, the main stages of this process are considered. The importance of taking into account the subjective psychological factors of interface perception is substantiated. The indicators for assessing the quality of user interfaces, based on the cognitive factors of its perception by a person, are analyzed.

18-28 575
Abstract

Today, in connection with the informatization of society, all spheres of life are adapting to distance working conditions. Tutors, like many other teachers, need to adapt to the new lesson format. The article examines how the services of tutors in various subjects via the Internet are provided, what software and educational resources are used to prepare and conduct distance learning, are there any significant differences from the point of view of the tutor in the distance and face-to-face training format. The preferences of tutors regarding the functionality of the system are given, which will be a tool for conducting individual lessons on the Internet. The research was carried out using an empirical method — through a survey. To participate in it were invited tutors who are already teaching online or have taught before, as well as those who are just starting to engage in online tutoring. The results of this research are presented in an article with analytical comments. A detailed description of the tutor’s activities in the process of conducting distance learning is given. As a result, it was concluded that a system for conducting distance lessons is a necessity for a modern teacher engaged in tutoring. The article presents the necessary functional minimum of such a system.

29-37 679
Abstract

The article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of organizing online teaching of informatics to schoolchildren using interactive posters, developed by a teacher on a web platform. The possibilities of online teaching of schoolchildren using various electronic media as well as resources and services of the Internet are discussed. The multidimensional capabilities of interactive electronic tools for the inclusion of students in various types of educational and cognitive activities during network interaction are analyzed. The concepts of “multidimensional didactic tools” and “interactive posters” are revealed, acting as an innovative teacher’s tools for managing and enhancing the cognitive activity of students. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the design and creation of interactive posters by the teacher and the educational interaction of students with these posters based on the web platform. The characteristics of the capabilities of popular services for creating interactive posters are described. The experience of using interactive posters in teaching informatics at school based on the web platform is revealed. The authors’ approach to the use of tools of popular services for creating and integrating content and controls into interactive posters is proposed.

PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE

38-42 586
Abstract

The article discusses the pedagogical feasibility of using innovative intellectual immersive technologies in the educational process, corresponding to the pace and needs of digital society development. The features of teaching the digital generation of students are highlighted. The specificity of educational and cognitive activity and the peculiarities of the development of cognitive interest in future IT-specialists in the process of studying specialized disciplines are determined. It is proposed to consider a constructivist approach to learning, which implies the creation of a modal, functional, communicative learning environment, which, in turn, contributes to the self-construction and development of student’ own cognitive trajectory. Arguments are given in favor of the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in teaching “digital natives” studying in the IT-field (direction of training 09.03.01 “Informatics and Computer Engineering”). Empirical data are presented that prove the positive influence of educational AR-content on the level of student engagement. The coefficient of student engagement is a quantitative characteristic to assess the state of interest in the educational material in the discipline “Computer Networks and Telecommunications”. The student engagement rate was established by collecting subjective data, which are not directly observable, and are revealed in the course of students’ self-assessment of their learning activities.

43-50 1184
Abstract

The purpose of this article is to highlight some theoretical foundations for a connection between critical thinking and creativity as concepts to develop at school, to find the feasibility of use of ICT in such lessons, and to give examples of lessons conducted in such a logic. The competence approach, despite the ambiguous attitude towards it in secondary vocational education, has been re-examined by researchers in connection with a new wave of discussion on how to develop key competencies in secondary education. Critical thinking and creativity are seen as part of key competencies. The article describes in detail these constructs and correlates with well-known works of Russian and foreign practitioners and psychologists, such as L. Vygotsky, J. Piaget, and J. Dewey. The concepts overlap in many ways, which should be taken into account when evaluating innovation and designing educational experience of students. Despite the some differences, the existing modern didactic Russian and foreign approaches (such as problem-based learning, activity-based approach, student-centered learning, and others) meet the objectives and organization of a lesson, which foster critical thinking and creativity. Portable digital devices contribute to the development of greater student autonomy, which is one of the most important components of the development of key competencies. The final part of the article is structured through three theses on implementation of ICT in such lessons with examples of use of such practices by teachers during the project “Fostering creativity and critical thinking in education with the use of ICT” in 2018–2019. Examples allow us to determine how theoretical concepts, having many diachronic intersections, can be implemented in practice.

51-59 993
Abstract

Digital homework today is an observable fact of school practice, which resulted from the distance learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of online platforms that provide EdTech products of this kind. Yet, not enough reflection of this issue has happened so far. The article attempts to summarise recent research on homework to answer the question: what kind of digital homework has the potential to improve teaching and learning? First, the article compares research findings on the effect of homework and homework-related teaching practices to outline deficiencies in three aspects of homework: the quality of homework, the quality of feedback, and autonomy support. Then it demonstrates digital homework variability using the SAMR model. Finally, the author suggests solutions for three named aspects of homework on different levels of the SAMR model. For homework quality, higher levels of technology integration bring new task designs and more complex learning objectives. For feedback quality, it means being able to collect and employ learning data which was impossible earlier. For autonomy support, it makes homework relevant to students’ goals and interests. Recommendations provided might be helpful for the design and development of new educational technologies, as well as for better use of digital homework in teaching practice.

60-66 446
Abstract

The article describes the technology of teaching text-based programming on the basis of the DL.GSU.BY website. The main advantages of the technology include: “zero entry threshold”, training adapted to the student, many years of practical experience, efficiency, scalability. The following issues are consistently considered in the article: idealized goal setting; the use by students of a programming language of their choice from a variety of modern programming languages when performing practical tasks in the discipline; a clear verification of goal achievement; blended learning; effective personalization of the educational process; non-standard organizational and technical decisions; effectiveness of training. The idealized goal setting includes the need to teach students the following: algorithmic reformulation of the problem statement; knowledge of a set of basic language constructs, as well as basic builtin procedures and functions; the ability to use basic algorithms on one-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, sets of plane points, lines, queues; the ability to develop and debug new algorithms. Effective personalization of the educational process is provided with the help of such techniques: at each lesson, the student is offered a choice of activities that correspond to current level of his training; automatic verification of solutions is provided with the test assignment service; the system of automatic differentiated learning is used.



ISSN 0234-0453 (Print)
ISSN 2658-7769 (Online)