GENERAL ISSUES
In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic affected the whole world, including Russia. The Russian government had to introduce emergency measures to combat the pandemic, including the transfer to distance learning of schoolchildren and students. In the context of a pandemic, it became necessary to urgently consider issues and problems of distance learning in educational organizations, primarily in secondary education organizations. Previously, none of the concepts of informatization of education even considered the massive transition to distance learning for schoolchildren and students.
The article examines the readiness of educational organizations, parents and children for the massive use of distance learning, analyzes the problems that arise in the implementation of this form of education, including: the problem of choosing software and platforms for distance learning; problems associated with underdeveloped infrastructure; problems of the availability of electronic educational resources corresponding to the new learning conditions; problems of lack of online work experience for both teachers and schoolchildren; as well as other issues related to distance learning.
The need is noted: switching the attention of researchers and developers of software and online platforms to research in the field of mass transition to distance learning at all age levels; the development of new distance online platforms and the processing of many electronic educational resources for new platforms; linking multimedia educational content to exemplary basic educational programs of primary, basic and secondary general education.
INFORMATIZATION OF EDUCATION
The article continues the description of the functioning of the typical regional information and communication system “Student and Labor” (SAL), begun by the authors in No. 8-2020 of the “Informatics and Education” journal. This system is aimed at identifying and developing university students who are creatively gifted in the field of science, techniques and technology in the process of their gradual involvement in real labor activity in cooperation with the leading enterprises in the region. The algorithm of functioning and the organizational structure of the “Student and Labor” system, informational, scientific, methodological and motivational aspects of interaction between students and enterprises on the basis of continuous measurement of the index of the prospects of interaction between a student and an enterprise are considered in detail. This index includes 10 components, the main of which is the creative index of research works / projects carried out by the student, taking into account the interests of the enterprise. In turn, the creative index is calculated on the basis of a multi-criteria assessment of a work / project according to 15 particular criteria. “Convolution” into scalar values of individual components and criteria of the index of the prospects of the student’s interaction with the enterprise and the creative index of the work / project is carried out in the most objective way using the so-called universal coefficients of importance.
The article discusses the issues of creating software and tools for managing the processes of training specialists in an intellectual educational environment. The complex of tools is being developed as part of a hyper-converged computing ecosystem to support open personalized learning technologies and is designed to customize and adaptively update educational programs and content, taking into account the requirements of federal standards and regional labor markets. At the first stage, the tools solve the problems of searching, collecting, consolidating and intelligent analysis of requirements for specialists extracted from open sources on the Internet, such as sections with employers’ vacancies on the websites of enterprises, recruitment agencies, labor exchanges, message boards, forums, chats, groups of social networks and messengers. At the next stage, the process of adaptive adjustment and synchronization of educational programs is implemented, taking into account the consolidated information and predicted data on the required competencies in the short and medium term in a given region. Setting up the educational process in an open information environment occurs during the evolutionary transition to a convergent learning model, continuous updating of educational programs and content, personalization of training trajectories. The convergent model determines the convergence of educational programs and content for different specialties in accordance with the digitalization processes of all spheres of human life, which is reflected in the requirements for competencies in professional and educational standards, as well as on the part of employers. The processes of actualization and personalization make it possible to increase the efficiency and quality of training specialists by reducing the risks of obtaining a low-quality and morally obsolete education. The architecture of the adaptive management system of the educational environment includes the following components: a) Learning Management System (LMS), b) Education Content Management System (ECMS), c) Learning Activity Management System (LAMS), d) tools for searching, collecting and analyzing employers’ requirements, e) cloud storage of educational content.
The article describes an approach to organizing the teacher-students interaction in programming courses using the Git version control system. In order to select the most suitable and affordable system for educational needs a comparative analysis of different Git repository management systems was carried out. Based on the experience of various educational institutions that use version control systems in their courses, the advantages and disadvantages of using these systems in teaching were identified. Taking into account the existing problems, a software solution was developed based on the GitLab system. As part of this solution, a method is proposed for organizing the work of a teacher and students in disciplines that use version control systems. This approach implies using both GitLab and additional system, which serves as a manager for Git repositories and is designed to facilitate the work of the teacher and administrator by automating the tasks they perform. The main purpose of the article is a detailed description of this approach: limiting permissions to both teachers and students, GitLab organization and functionality, a list of use cases for each user. The article also presents common workflows of the additional system, its main entities and their relationships and an overview of the features that the system provides.
PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE
Students studying at Russian universities in a non-native language in mixed language groups experience a significant cognitive load in the process of completing practical tasks in the disciplines of the information direction using traditional teaching materials. The article analyzes important aspects of cognitive and multimedia learning theories in the context of developing learning instructions, as well as specific problems of pedagogical design of multimedia materials for the use in mixed language groups in teaching computer science. As a result of the study, generalized recommendations were formulated for the development of educational multimedia materials on a cognitive basis for teaching in a non-native language, related to the semantic-contextual formalization of the structure (formulation of SMART goals; logical and semantic text structuring; presentation of content at several levels of collapse; organization of educational material in sequence from declarative to procedural knowledge; systematization and generalization of significant information at intermediate stages of reasoning; providing support for individual educational needs) and cognitive-semantic adaptation of multimedia content (consistent presentation of meaning; presentation of samples of assignments; graphical presentation of significant relevant information; video / audio dubbing of difficult to understand fragments of educational material through dynamic graphics; audio dubbing of difficult to understand fragments of educational material in the intermediate language; design of educational material using thoughtful sets of styles, pictograms, colors). The results of the study are of high practical importance: the development of multimedia educational materials adapted for teaching in a foreign language in a multilingual educational environment based on a cognitive approach can significantly reduce cognitive load, improve understanding and memorization of material, and facilitate language and academic adaptation.
The article actualizes the need for teaching students to work with Big Data technologies. Big Data is a promising and fundamental industry that requires a large number of qualified specialists in various fields. The aim of the work is to describe the concept of determining a set of hardware, software, algorithmic and methodological tools (taking into account the contingent of students and the capabilities of the educational institution) for building a methodology for teaching a discipline related to the study of Big Data processing methods. There are two main sectors of stakeholders who need specialists in the field of Big Data. A detailed comparative analysis of software solutions that support Big Data processing is carried out. The article describes the methodology for constructing a course for teaching students technologies for processing and analyzing Big Data. A plan for organizing a lecture course and laboratory practice with consideration of subtasks is proposed for students to perform during training. The composition and methodology of independent work of students in the discipline related to the study of Big Data, using a learning management system such as Moodle, are discussed. An example of implementing data processing by means of the RapidMiner Studio package using a multi-layer neural network training algorithm using the error back propagation method is presented.
ISSN 2658-7769 (Online)