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Informatics and education

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No 5 (2020)
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GENERAL ISSUES

4-14 5747
Abstract

The problem of distance between the processes of world transition to a new technological platform, information technologies, to the digital economy and digitalization of various spheres of activity, including education, on the one hand, and not sufficiently deep studies of the phenomenon of digital transformation, including the digital transformation of education, on the other hand, is studied. Lack of elaboration of the essence of digital transformation provokes the free and often marketing use of the concepts of digitalization, digital technologies, and digital transformation of education, and in practice leads to low efficiency of actions taken to implement projects and programs of digital transformation. The lack of strict assumptions leads to a lack of meanings, a multiple increase in the managerial and organizational complexity of implementing the actual practice of digital transformation in education, and as a result, there is an imitation or formal implementation of promising projects. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the General model of digital transformation and to specify it in relation to the digital transformation of education, demonstrating all the elements of the structure of the transformed object and the nature of the cardinal transformations. The hypothesis being tested — the transformation process covers not only the means of educational activity, in particular, digital technologies, but also other elements of it — the goal, object, subject, changing the essence of the educational activity itself, contrasting it with the processes of training and preparation. The system-based research methodology is used. Research methods: main — theoretical analysis and synthesis of existing scientific positions, observation of practical artifacts of digital transformation of education; accompanying — experimental method for testing the results of research. The main results were: distinguishing digital transformation projects, highlighting their unique properties and characteristics that differ from projects of optimization, improvement, development; substantiating the model of digital transformation of education, including proof that in the process of transformation, not only the means (digital technologies), but also the content of the educational process, its goals, subjects and methods of communication between them change dramatically. This suggests a new approach to changing the education process under the influence of digital transformation, its distance from the processes of education and training, which will become a starting point in the self-organization of teams of projects of digital transformation of education. The results will be useful to heads of education authorities at all levels, managers and development teams of educational organizations of basic and additional education, who are planning or implementing digital transformation projects.

15-23 1367
Abstract

The article proposes the concept of the formation and development of an adaptive ecosystem of university learning. The concept can allow not only to eliminate the shortcomings inherent in the distance education system, but also to create the basis for building a full-fledged educational technology. The basis for constructing such an ecosystem, in addition to purely didactic developments, can be modern achievements in the field of systems theory, digitalization and artificial intelligence. The education market is seriously affected by advances in artificial intelligence and the rapid development of Industry 4.0. It is also necessary to consider rather unpredictable natural disasters and pandemics. Under these conditions, the only way to maintain and strengthen their positions in the education market, which will rapidly change in the coming decades, is the transformation of processes within the framework of new technological trends and integrated network cluster ecosystems. Decentralized training and outsourcing can become two key functions for the successful application of artificial intelligence in education. Modeling, optimization and analytics of big data make it possible to form a complete set of technologies for creating an outsourcing network and digital educational chains, which allows us to identify the state model of all processes in real time. At each moment in time, the digital twin displays the status of outsourcing processes and educational chains with actual data on planning, preparing the necessary equipment, directly preparing educational programs, loading teachers, accounting and monitoring learning outcomes, etc. The digital twin can be used both for making decisions in real-time, and for forecasting and planning outsourcing. In fact, the university and the companies providing outsourcing services within the framework of this approach are integrated into a single mechanism for solving tasks of flexible individual training. Within the framework of the proposed approach, it is possible to build an educational university environment integrated with real objects of the economy of the territory, which is a component of the educational ecosystem. The concept under consideration allows predicting and planning the training of required specialists, since the model of its work is closely connected with enterprises in the real sector. This becomes possible due to the fact that training takes place according to flexible programs that reflect the ever-changing requirements of enterprises to the competencies of their employees. In fact, a university or a group of universities is becoming an essential component of territorial industrial clusters, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency and quality of specialist training and to quickly develop new curricula and courses that will quickly develop competencies demanded by the real sector of the economy. The use of artificial intelligence technology in combination with the capabilities of the Internet of things and digitalization of the main business processes provides, in fact, the functioning and development of the university’s ecosystem by analogy with the ecosystems of large sectoral system-forming enterprises.

PEDAGOGICAL ASSESSMENTS AND TESTS

44-49 776
Abstract

The article is devoted to control and feedback in foreign language teaching in a technogenic environment. The educational process is transformed in terms of the implementation and active use of digital technologies. ICT-rich environment provides new models of interaction between the teacher, students and digital tools. It also enriches the diversity of tasks and expands the range of possible forms of control and feedback. According to the authors, automated evaluation takes place both in out-of-classroom activities and directly in the classroom using Bring Your Own Device technology (BYOD). Automated control contributes to the intensity of the educational process. It provides all the participants with an opportunity to choose a convenient mode of work and get instant feedback, thereby allowing self-assessment and self-reflection of their own actions.
When teaching foreign languages, special attention should be paid to chatbot technology. Chatbots imitate human actions and are able to perform standard repetitive tasks. The growing popularity of bots is explained by a wide range of usage spheres and the ability to integrate chatbots into social networks and mobile technologies.
In the technogenic educational environment, ICT can be the basis for interaction, co-editing and peer assessment in collaborative projects. In this case, students receive feedback not only from the teacher, but also from other students, which increases the motivation for independent learning. Thus, automated control, self-assessment and peer assessment can both identify problem areas for each student and design an individual learning path, which increases the effectiveness of learning a foreign language.

50-55 610
Abstract

The purpose of the work described in the article was to study the principles of forming control questions for distance testing of students in LMS Moodle and Blackboard in such a way as to minimize the ability of test takers to use the help of search queries on the Internet. The main trends in the responses of university students are analyzed depending on the types of control questions, their wording and the relationship with the availability of lecture material. The distance electronic testing of 3rd year students of university in the discipline “Physical Culture” revealed that the greatest problems for test takers arise with questions on logic, and not on exact knowledge, the answers to which are easily found in lecture material. It was revealed that the vast majority of students when searching for answers to questions of a time-limited test are guided not by their own knowledge, but by marker words in the question text, which they create their own search queries in the text of the lecture or on the Internet. At the same time, a part of the respondents is clearly distinguished, which does not analyze the information provided, but looks at it rather superficially and tries to choose the one that is closer to the marker word from the possible answers. Based on the research and experience in the LMS environment, the article gives practical recommendations for teachers on the competent creation of control tasks and the effective management of response statistics, which will allow more objective assessment of students’ knowledge in various academic disciplines.

56-63 579
Abstract

Today the global scientific community is actively discussing the issues on the application of artificial intelligence in education. One of the least studied technologies in terms of its application in education is computer vision. The development and implementation of intelligent systems based on video analysis and machine learning algorithms provide new opportunities for teachers and staff of the educational organization administration to understand and transform the educational process. The article discusses the use of video analysis technologies from cameras with a 360-degree view to collect data on the emotional state of students during group work in the classroom. In the course of the described research, a software solution for automatic emotions data collection during students’ teamwork leaning was developed. This solution can be used for future research aimed at studying the impact of emotional state on students’ educational success. The results of the study can be used to form the research agenda of Russian universities in order to implement the objectives of the section “Education and personnel” of the program “Digital economy of the Russian Federation”, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE

24-32 614
Abstract

The rapid growth of education digitalization has significantly increased the role of the electronic information educational environment of educational organizations. It has become the basic tool for organizing, maintaining and administering the educational process. The electronic information educational environment of an educational organization should ensure the recording of the progress of the educational process and the results of mastering the main professional educational program, i. e. competencies, based on the results of intermediate certification carried out in the distance learning system integrated into the electronic information educational environment. The article considers the application of qualimetric approaches in the assessment of the quality of graduate competencies in the implementation of higher education programs in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education 3++. The mathematical model of evaluation of the results of mastering the graduate program (competence forming) depending on the contribution of academic disciplines to the formation of each competence is proposed. Two methods of result evaluation are considered: as an arithmetic average and as a weighted value from the obtained evaluations in the disciplines forming this competency, as well as the possibility of monitoring the formation of competency in the process of mastering academic disciplines and entering the results of intermediate attestation into the electronic portfolio of the student. Assessment of the formation of competencies can be the next stage in the development of the student’s electronic portfolio, which is part of the electronic information educational environment.

33-43 589
Abstract

The article discusses the approach to planning interrelated work within a given number of time periods using the example of the formation of a curriculum of a higher educational institution based on the competence model of students. It is proposed to consider the task of forming a curriculum as an optimization task of cutting-packing, solved with the help of an ordered graph. A logical model of the curriculum is developed in the form of an N-layer ordered graph in which the vertices correspond to the disciplines of the curriculum, and the arcs specify the relations of the preceding of disciplines in semesters, the temporal preceding (following) of disciplines is set using the discipline following matrix. As a criterion for the optimality of the curriculum, the criterion of the uniformity of the study load and the criterion of minimum fines, which reflects the degree of compliance with the given causal relationships between the disciplines of the plan, are considered. The UML diagram of the components of the software package for the formation of curricula is developed, the functions of the developed software package are described. The software implementation of the developed models and algorithms is completed. An experiment was conducted, various curriculum options were obtained and analyzed. Their optimality was estimated based on the proposed criteria, the characteristics of the constructed curriculum options are given, recommendations are given for choosing the final curriculum version, taking into account the established priorities



ISSN 0234-0453 (Print)
ISSN 2658-7769 (Online)