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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">infojournal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Информатика и образование</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Informatics and education</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0234-0453</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-7769</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Publishing House Education and Informatics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32517/0234-0453-2021-36-8-5-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">infojournal-746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIENCE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Новый взгляд на бесконечно большие и бесконечно малые величины: методологические основы и практическое использование этих чисел в вычислениях на компьютере</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A new look at infinitely large and infinitely small quantities: Methodological foundations and practical calculations with these numbers on a computer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-069X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>Я. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeyev</surname><given-names>Ya. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергеев Ярослав Дмитриевич, доктор физ.-мат. наук, выдающийся профессор, директор лаборатории численного анализа, Университет Калабрии, г. Козенца; профессор кафедры математического обеспечения и суперкомпьютерных технологий, Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского, Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav D. Sergeyev, Ph.D., Doctor of Sciences (Physics and Mathematics), Distinguished Professor, Head of Numerical Calculus Laboratory, University of Calabria, Cosenza; Professor at the Department of Mathematical Software and Supercomputing Technologies, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yaro@dimes.unical.it</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Университет Калабрии; Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского<country>Италия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">University of Calabria; Lobachevsky State University<country>Italy</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сергеев Я.Д., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Я.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sergeyev Y.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://info.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/746">https://info.infojournal.ru/jour/article/view/746</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье описывается недавно предложенная методология, позволяющая работать с бесконечно большими и бесконечно малыми величинами на компьютере. Подход использует ряд идей, сближающих его с современной физикой, в частности, обсуждаются относительность математического знания и его зависимость от инструментов, используемых математиками в своих исследованиях. Показывается, что появление новых вычислительных инструментов влияет на то, как мы воспринимаем традиционные математические объекты, а также помогает обнаружить новые интересные объекты и задачи. Приводятся аргументы, указывающие, что многие сложности и парадоксы, возникающие при работе с бесконечностью, не зависят от ее природы, а являются результатом слабости традиционных систем записи чисел, применяемых для работы с бесконечно большими и бесконечно малыми величинами. Предлагается система счисления, позволяющая не только работать с ними аналитически более простым и интуитивным способом, но и производить практические вычисления на Компьютере Бесконечности, запатентованном в ряде стран. Даются примеры измерения бесконечных множеств с точностью до одного элемента и показывается, что новая методология позволяет избежать появления некоторых известных парадоксов, связанных с бесконечностью. Приводятся примеры решения ряда вычислительных задач и обсуждаются некоторые результаты преподавания описываемой методологии в Италии и Великобритании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article describes a recently proposed methodology that allows one to work with infinitely large and infinitely small quantities on a computer. The approach uses a number of ideas that bring it closer to modern physics, in particular, the relativity of mathematical knowledge and its dependence on the tools used by mathematicians in their studies are discussed. It is shown that the emergence of new computational tools influences the way we perceive traditional mathematical objects, and also helps to discover new interesting objects and problems. It is discussed that many difficulties and paradoxes regarding infinity do not depend on its nature, but are the result of the weakness of the traditional numeral systems used to work with infinitely large and infinitely small quantities. A numeral system is proposed that not only allows one to work with these quantities analytically in a simpler and more intuitive way, but also makes possible practical calculations on the Infinity Computer, patented in a number of countries. Examples of measuring infinite sets with the accuracy of one element are given and it is shown that the new methodology avoids the appearance of some well-known paradoxes associated with infinity. Examples of solving a number of computational problems are given and some results of teaching the described methodology in Italy and Great Britain are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бесконечно большие и бесконечно малые величины</kwd><kwd>гроссуан</kwd><kwd>Компьютер Бесконечности</kwd><kwd>численные вычисления с бесконечностью</kwd><kwd>философия математики</kwd><kwd>парадоксы бесконечности</kwd><kwd>преподавание математики</kwd><kwd>измерение бесконечных множеств</kwd><kwd>расходящиеся ряды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infinitely large and infinitely small quantities</kwd><kwd>grossone</kwd><kwd>Infinity Computer</kwd><kwd>numerical computations with infinity</kwd><kwd>philosophy of mathematics</kwd><kwd>paradoxes of infinity</kwd><kwd>teaching of mathematics</kwd><kwd>measurement of infinite sets</kwd><kwd>divergent series</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лапчик М. 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